"Mini Mental State Examination" a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patient for clinicians. Patients with disease duration <10 years, no cognitive complaints and an MMSE 8 8 Folstein M, Folstein S, Mchugh P. Disease diagnosis was according to the criteria of the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease. METHODSĪ total of 40 PD patients were selected from Neurology outpatient consultations at the National Hospital of Geriatrics and Gerontology. The objective of this research was to evaluate the usefulness of the MoCA in the detection of cognitive impairment in PD patients without cognitive complaint and with normal MMSE score. MoCA has proven the most suitable instrument for screening Mild Cognitive Impairment in PD (PD-MCI) and PDD in clinical trials according to the Parkinson Study Group (PSG) Cognitive/Psychiatric Working Group. A Recommended Scale for Cognitive Screening in Clinical Trials of Parkinson's Disease. , 7 7 Chou KL, Amick MM, Brandt J, Camicioli R, Frei K, Gitelman D, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment. 6 6 Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The MoCA has shown a good test-retest effect, low inter-evaluator variability, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 75% with respect to neuropsychological tests for detecting MCI and Dementia using a 26-point cut-off. At least four studies have been conducted demonstrating that the MoCA in patients with PD is sensitive to small cognitive changes. This test has a maximum value of 30 points and can be administered in 10 minutes. It has been used for the cognitive evaluation of the patients with PD to identify the presence of cognitive deficit when the MMSE score is normal. This last test was originally designed for the evaluation of mild cognitive impairment associated with AD, and evaluates memory, executive functions and verbal fluency among others, and can be applied in a short period of time. Diagnostic and screening power of neuropsychological testing in detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. 5 5 Biundo R, Weis L, Pilleri M, Facchini S, Formento-Dojot P, Vallelunga A, Antonini A. Given this scenario, it is important to screen patients with PD because of the risk of developing dementia associated with PD (PDD).Ĭurrently, several screening tests have been recommended for the evaluation of cognitive impairment in PD, such as the Scale for Outcomes of Parkinson’s Disease Cognition (SCOPA-COG), Mini-Mental Parkinson (MMP), Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment (PANDA), Parkinson Disease Dementia-Short Screen (PDD-Short Screen) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Characterizing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. , 4 4 Dalrymple-Alford JC, Livingston L, MacAskill MR, Graham C, Melzer TR, Porter RJ, et al. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. 3 3 Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B. The typical profile of cognitive impairment in PD involves impairment in executive functions, attention, visuospatial and subcortical memory functions, recall, language preservation, and praxis. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. , 2 2 Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, et al. Neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia. 1 1 Janvin C, Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Hugdahl K. As many as 20-30% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have cognitive deficits within the range of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) at the time of diagnosis, a condition that is very important to detect since it is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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